The flag of the now-defunct Katanga was designed by an architect Louis Dressen, former manager of Banque du Congo Belge in Elisabethville. Components of the flag had to represent the motto of Katanga: Force, espoir et Paix dans la Prosperite ("Power, Hope and Peace in Prosperity"). The red component is for power, green for hope, white for peace and the croisettes (saltires/crosses) for prosperity.